The Riviera was one of the most influential casinos located on the Las Vegas Strip. During its prime, the Riv would host shows by World Class performers like Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, and Liberace. The Riv would also be the center of quite a few controversies due to many murders being associated with the resort. Hey everyone, how’s it going? My name is Jonah Stahl, and welcome to Abandoned Explained. In today’s video, we are going to be diving into what caused the Riviera to cease operations.
This topic is actually a suggestion I received from one of you! If you have a locations you would like me to cover in this series, let me know down below! Anyways, let’s dive into it! The initial mastermind behind the infamous “Riv” would be Detroit Mobster William Bischoff. During the early 1950’s, Bischoff first proposed the Riviera under the name the Casa Blanca. In 1952, Bischoff would receive a gaming license for the casino. However less than a year later, Bischoff withdrew from the project. He would then hand the property over to a group of investors from Miami. Now at the forefront of the Casa Blanca was Samuel Cohen, formerly known as Sammy Purple. Cohen would achieve this nickname from being the leader of a small organized crime group that mainly partook in petty theft. While he no longer was formally affiliate with the group, rumors were circulating that he still was involved with the organization Casinoslots South Africa. When Cohen took over the property, he would also change the name from the Casa Blanca to the Riviera. The state would approve Cohen’s gaming license in 1953, and the Riv would open on schedule on April 20, 1955. When the Riv opened it would be the ninth resort on the Las Vegas Strip. The opening of the Riviera, along with the Dunes and the Royal Nevada would be the subject of an article in a famous issue of Life Magazine. The article was written in June of 1955, and was titled “Las Vegas - Is the Boom Over-Extended?”. To summarize his points, the author was worried that Las Vegas was building to many resorts to be profitable. During the Riviera’s opening ceremony, the honor of cutting the opening ribbon would go to Liberace, one of the world’s most well known celebrities at the time. At the height of his fame, Liberace was the world’s highest paid entertainer. He would also become the Riv’s first resident performer, and would be one of the property’s main performers for years to come. Upon opening, the Riviera’s design would revolutionize the strip. Many Casinos located on the Strip at that time resembled roadside motor courts. The Riv would be the first high rise resort to be built on the Strip. The Riviera’s revolutionary design would cause every future project located on the strip to be built as a high rise. Three months after opening in July, the Riviera would end up going bankrupt. So what happened? Well, that depends on who you ask. According to the Riviera’s website, Cohen and Company were unaccustomed to gambling and that they ran into trouble. Others theorize that while it is true that Cohen’s team were not accustomed to the gaming industry, and were simultaneously being skimmed. This theory states that organized crime members would skim the gambling profits and send them back home to pay for their gang’s illegal enterprise. What we know for sure is that Cohen would later go on to famously skim profits from the Flamingo Hotel with Meyer Lansky, otherwise known as the “Mob’s Accountant”. This leads many people to believe that profits were being skimmed at the resort. Next up at the Riv was a group a former Flamingo Hotel Managers lead by Gus Greenbaum, who was an early associate of Bugsy Siegel during the prohibition. He was also responsible for turning around the Flamingo after the untimely demise of Siegel. Gus would take over operations at the resort, after leasing it from the ownership group Gensbro Hotel Company. Many believed that Gus was coerced out of retirement after receiving threats from Chicago Mob Boss Tony Accardo for some outstanding debts. This theory is strengthened by the fact that Greenbaum’s sister in law was smothered to death in her home one week after the grand opening of the Riviera. Among Gus’s staff was William Nelson, who was the Riv’s Entertainment Director. It would later be discovered that William Nelson was actually mob informant Willie Bioff. He would only last three months before being killed by a truck bomb in November of 1955. His killers would never be found, but I’m sure we all know who was responsible for the murder. Throughout Gus’s Management of the Riviera, he would suffer from an addiction to drugs, and gambling. This would lead to him embezzling from the Casino profits. When the Riv began to lose profits, the mob investigators caught onto Gus’s antics. On December 3rd, 1958 Gus and his wife, Bess, were found murdered inside of their Pheonix home. No one was ever charged for the double murder, however many people speculate that the murder was a hit initiated by either Mob Boss Tony Accardo, or Meyer Lansky. Mob Fixer Sidney Korshak played a major role in the Riviera’s management. This was bad news for the Riv since Law enforcement agencies suspected he was responsible for skimming the casino’s revenue and distributing it Gus Alex in Chicago. Alex would in turn distribute the money to organized crime members like Tony Accardo. Law Enforcement suspected that he would either make payment arrangements or deliver the money to Gus on his monthly trips to Chicago. In June of 1968, the Riviera was purchased by a group of bankers including Parry Thomas and Jerome Mack, as well as investors connected to Parvin-Dohrmann Corporation, who owned the StarDust, Aladdin, and Fremont Casinos. Parry Thomas and Jerome Mack were major investors in the Las Vegas Strip, and they were vital in making Las Vegas into what it is today. A year later, a deal was made to sell the property to Parvin-Dohrmann. However, this deal was blocked by the Nevada Gaming Commission due to the company’s previous failure to report a change in ownership. Later that year, Dean Martin was signed by the Riv to perform in the casino’s main showroom, as well as be the acting Entertainment Director. Subsequently, Martin was given a 10 percent stock in the ownership of the Riviera. Issues would arise shortly after, when Dean Martin asked to perform only once a night instead of twice. The Riviera would deny his request, as they believed it would set a bad precedent for main performers, since they would also insist on performing once a night. As a result, Martin would leave the hotel in 1972, and the Riv would buy their shares back. Martin would stay with the hotel as the Entertainment Director. In 1973, the Riviera was purchased for 60 million dollars, or 350 million dollars in today’s money, by AITS Inc., a Boston Based travel company. The two main people in charge of the property now were Israeli businessman Meshulam Riklis and Isidore Becker. Riklis would later finance a movie called Fake-Out starring Pia Zadora, in which the Riviera would be the setting. A year after Fake-Out would come out, in 1983 the Riviera would file for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection in order to restructure their debts. Riklis pledged to invest more money into the project, and hired Jeffery Silver as the CEO to turn things around at the Riv. As CEO, Silver began shifting the resorts marketing focus away from High Rollers, and towards the Middle/Working Class. Silver would open a Burger King inside the resort, making Burger King to be the first Fast Food Chain in a Las Vegas Casino. This move inspired many to call the trend in Las Vegas Casino’s catering to the Middle Class as the “Burger King Revolution”. From 1988 to 1990, the Riviera would undergo an expansion. Silver wanted to construct a new Casino Room that would contain 500 slot machines. This expansion would go significantly over budget prompting the Riv to file for Chapter 11 once again in 1991 with 126 million dollars in outstanding debt. The company would emerge from bankruptcy in 1993 as Riviera Holdings Corporation, which was formed by the former creditors of the bankrupt hotel. Throughout the 2000’s, the Riviera would slowly begin to decline in popularity. In the resorts prime, the Riv held shows by world class celebrities like Frank Sinatra and Barbra Streisand. Throughout the 2000’s, the properties most popular show was a topless show called “Crazy Girls”. On July 12, 2010, the Riv would announce that it was undergoing bankruptcy once again. This would be the last time the Riviera would file for bankruptcy. Their bankruptcy plan included a reorganization plan under which secured lenders would receive new debt, and stock in the property. At this point, the Riviera owed over 275 million dollars. The decline in the Riv’s popularity can be partially blamed on a lack of foot traffic to the area. The Riviera used to be surrounded by popular casinos like the Stardust, New Frontier, and Westward Ho. However, these properties were demolished to make way for new projects which wouldn’t pan out. Shutdown of construction at the adjacent Fontainebleau Resorts Las Vegas and Echelon Place would also attribute to the decline. I’ve actually made a video on what happened to the Fontainebleau, if you’re interested click the card in the top right corner! At the time of the bankruptcy, the Riv would have nearly 1,600 employees. The decline in the Riv’s popularity would lead to many pool tournaments to hold their contests at other casinos. Up until the bankruptcy, the Riviera would have a near monopoly on the Professional level North American Pool Tournaments. After announcing that the Riv would be filing for bankruptcy, many pool tournaments would begin to hold their contests elsewhere. In 2013, Billiards Congress of America would move it’s tournament from the Riv to the Rio. Valley National 8-Ball Association announced in May of 2010 they would move their contest to Bally’s Casino. The only tournament to be held at the casino until it’s closure was the American Poolplayers Association. In August of 2011, the Riviera would re-open its bingo room in an attempt to bring in more customers. At the time, the Riv was the only Casino on the Strip to offer bingo. The Riviera also contained one of the largest Bingo Halls in Las Vegas, and was voted “Best Bingo Room” by the Las Vegas Review Journal. The Riv would also launch a partnership with Buffalo Studios, a company that had created a Facebook game called “Bingo Blitz”. The game allowed players to play online bingo on a webpage that had an image of the Riviera. The image was intended to drive more customers to the Riviera by associating bingo with the Riviera. In February of 2015, the Las Vegas Convention Center and Visitors Authority acquired the Riviera and its land for 182.5 million dollars. The property was leased back to its former operators, who would officially close the casino on May 4th, 2015, only a little over a month after its 60th anniversary on April 20th. Upon closing, the property would lay off over 1,000 employees, each of which received a severance package. The Riv would also assist in finding new employment for their former employees. Due to the immense size of the Riv, the structure would have to be imploded in two seperate implosions. The first implosion would take place during June 2016, and smaller demolition work would be done leading up the second implosion. During the prep work for the implosion, it was discovered the resort’s Monte Carlo Hotel Tower still contained Asbestos. This would be removed prior to imploding the tower. On August 16, 2016, the Riviera would be imploded to make way for a planned expansion of Las Vegas Global Business District. The demolition would cost a total of 42 million dollars. The main reason behind the Riviera’s demise has to do with it’s declining popularity. As I mentioned earlier, many nearby casinos were demolished to make way for new projects. When the vast majority of these projects went under, foot traffic to the northern end of the strip would fall drastically. This lead to drastic decline in tourism to this portion of the strip. Another issue that contributed to the Riv’s closure was the lack of quality shows. In the Riv’s prime, people would flock from all over to watch shows by Frank Sinatra or Liberace. Towards the end of the Riviera’s run, the resort would not host one notable show. I personally believe that these two factors were the main reasons as to why the Riviera ultimately closed its doors. It’s truly quite sad to hear about the fate of the Riviera. The Riv was arguably one of the most influential resorts on the Las Vegas Strip. Many things that are common place in Las Vegas, like High Rise Resorts, were influenced by the Riv. Without the Riviera’s innovation, the Las Vegas Strip would not be what it is today. The planned expansion would never panned out, and the former site of the Riviera was turned into a parking lot. If you enjoyed the video, hit that like button down below!
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In order to advertise the property, Factor knew he needed to create something completely original. While other casinos boasted prestigious circle drives, elaborate lawns, and massive fountains, the Stardust took a different approach. Factor installed the world’s largest cantilever sign to advertise the resort. The sign spanned 215 feet, and required an electrical input of 3,000 amps to operate https://www.casinoslots.co.nz/paysafecard-casino.
This high electrical input allowed the sign to be seen three miles down the Strip. The sign also set a world record due for its immense size. Shortly after the Stardust’s grand opening, the nearby casino “Royal Nevada” discontinued operations. Financial problems which plagued the project from the beginning, eventually forced the resort to close only four years after opening. In response to the closure, the Stardust purchased, and renovated the defunct property. The “Royal Nevada” was transformed into the Stardust West, which contained the Convention Center, and the High Roller Suites. From 1959 to 1964, this wing became exclusively known for housing both High Rollers, and the Stardust Showgirls. With the addition of the Royal Nevada, the Stardust now had the capacity to host 1,300 guests. During the first years of operation, the Stardust owned the only Drive in theater in Las Vegas. Due to the circumstances, the Stardust Drive in became a popular hangout spot for teens, and adults. The theater remained the only theater of its kind until 1965, when the West Wind Drive In opened. By 1961, the Stardust employed a concerning amount of high profile criminals. A few honorable mentions include: Credit Manager Hy Goldbaum, who was known under eleven different aliases, and had fourteen criminal convictions including one for assault. Casino Manager Johnny Drew, a trusted associate of Al Capone, and General Manager Morris Kleinman, who served three years for tax evasion. Moe Dalitz, and his team leased the property until 1965, when they became the owners of the resort. From 1965 to 1970, Dalitz and his team operated the Stardust International Raceway in Spring Valley, which is part of the Las Vegas Township. The speedway hosted racing events such as the Can-Am, and the USAC Championship Car Series. World class drivers like Mario Andretti, Bruce McLaren, Mark Donohue, and Jackie Stewart competed here during the Stardust’s operation of the track. In 1966, eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes attempted to purchase the Stardust for 30.5 million dollars. Hughes previously purchased the Desert Inn for thirteen million dollars, along with many other casinos including the Sands, and New Frontier. His interest in the project stemmed from its reputation as the largest resort in Las Vegas. Before Dalitz could sell the project, the Justice Department Antitrust Division stepped in and shot down the deal.The Antitrust Division ruled that if Hughes acquired any more projects on the strip, he would violate the Sherman Antitrust Act. During the late 1960’s, the Stardust gave Siegfried and Roy their first shot as headliners on the Strip. Thanks to this, the entertainers gained popularity in Las Vegas for their performances with White Tigers and Lions. The pair eventually moved their act to the Mirage, selling out every show from the first night to the last. As the Sixties came to an end, Dalitz sold the Stardust to the Parvin-Dohrmann corporation for an undisclosed amount. Parvin Dohrmann sat on the property for five years, before selling it Allen Glick’s Argent Corporation in 1974. Allen Glick purchased the property using loans provided by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Central States Pension Fund. Glick, a previous attorney and real estate investor from San Diego, received one hundred million dollars in loans from Teamsters Central States Pension Fund. Using this money, he first purchased the Hacienda Hotel, then the downtown Fremont Hotel, and finally the Stardust. If you have seen the movie “Casino”, this story may sound familiar. That is because “Casino” is based off the story of the Stardust. If you substitute the “Stardust” for “Tangiers”, you know what happens next. Under Argents ownership, Frank “Lefty” Rosenthal became the unofficial boss of the casinos, despite not having a gaming license. While some disliked Rosenthal’s management style, the casinos all saw a massive spike in popularity. Rosenthal’s ability to bring in High Rollers resulted in a sizable increase in dealer tips. This alone made him a popular face on the casino floor. Rosenthal’s most memorable addition to the Stardust was their two million dollar Sports and Race Book. (PUT WHAT SPORTS AND RACE BOOK IS ON SCREEN) The addition of this segment became the casinos most popular attraction due to their abnormally high betting limits. Nowhere else on the Strip could you find a one hundred thousand dollar maximum bet. At the time, competitors on the Strip limited bets between one thousand to five thousand dollars. Supposedly, the pay phones outside the Sports Book were the highest grossing in the country. Runners used the phones to inform out of state associate's about the Stardust’s Betting Lines immediately after they were posted. The “Stardust Line” became the industry standard up until the book’s closure. While Rosenthal made the resort an unbelievable amount of money, he also oversaw a table and slot skimming operation at the Stardust. This operation led to millions of unreported revenue being sent to the Chicago Outfit, and other Crime Families to fund their illegal enterprises. Inevitably, things came crashing down when federal investigators confirmed that throughout the 1970’s, Stardust employee’s skimmed profits from the resort, and distributed the funds between several midwestern mob bosses. Investigators alleged that millions of dollars in revenue went unaccounted for, and that the unaccounted revenue was distributed to criminal organizations before the Stardust reported their earnings. Towards the end of the 1970’s, Argent Corporation started to face legal issues related to the skimming operation. Admits the controversy, Argent sold the Stardust to Herb Tobman, and Allen Sachs in 1979. Initially things went well under the pair, however authorities discovered that they too skimmed profits at the resort. In response, the Nevada Gaming Commission revoked their gaming licenses, and forced them to forfeit control of the property. In 1984, the duo received a three and a half million dollar fine from the Nevada Gaming Commision. This fine set a record as the largest fine ever issued by the Nevada Gaming Commision. Due to the situation at hand, the commision awarded Boyd Gaming the rights to operate day to day activities at the Stardust. In 1983, a Federal Grand Jury indicted fifteen people for conspiring to skim at least 1.6 million dollars from the casino table games. Those indicted included notorious criminals such as the head of the Chicago Outfit Joseph Aiuppa, Milwaukee Syndicate Boss Frank Balistrieri, and Kansas City Mafia Chief Carl Civella. Authorities later charged a group of Cleveland Mobsters for sharing the stolen casino profits with other criminal organizations. Authorities estimated that the Stardust alone “lost” over two million dollars. In Federal Court, Cleveland Mobster Angelo Lonardo turned on his associates, and testified against them. The Mobster turned informant testified that his close friend, who was the Cleveland Mafia’s Point Man, informed him that the mobsters from Kansas City, and Milwaukee, had considerable say in who the Teamster Pension Fund issues loans too. He stated these mobsters convinced Teamster to issue a loan to Allen Glick’s Argent Corporation. Lonardo also revealed that the Chicago, Milwaukee, Kansas City, and Cleveland Crime Families received a monthly kickback from the Stardust skim, ranging between $40,000, and $100,000. He concluded his testimony by saying that Teamster Union Official William Presser received a $1500 monthly pension from the skim. Before the hearing begun, Kansas City Mafia Head Carl Civella, and three others accepted a plea deal, thus pleading guilty to lesser charges. After the trial, the jury deliberated for thirty hours over a six day period before coming to a decision. Chicago Mob Boss Joseph Aiuppa, and four others were convicted of skimming revenue, while secretly controlling the Stardust Resort and Fremont Hotel. One of the most luxurious cruise ships afloat, Crystal Cruises' 848 passenger Crystal Symphony, recently emerged from a massive makeover designed to make it even more upscale. The makeover of Crystal Symphony included a reduction in its cabin count, that lowered its passenger capacity from 922 to 848. As a result, the volume of public space per passenger increased notably. Sailing since 1995, the 51,044 ton Crystal Symphony is twelve decks high, including crew decks.
It sails with 566 crew members. The hub of Crystal Symphony's exterior decks is the Seahorse Pool area on Deck 11. One deck up from Crystal Symphony's Seahorse Pool is a promenade, lined with artificial turf that encircles the pool area. Crisp white deck furniture and invited sunbeds accentuated with citrus-hued cushions, and throw pillows are to be found around the Seahorse Pool. Hidden away at the front of the ship on Deck 12 is another sun lounge area lined with artificial turf. More lounge chairs can be found on Deck 12 just behind the forward lounge area. Among deck-top amusements on Crystal Symphony is an enclosed paddle tennis court. Among other deck-top allures on Crystal Symphony is an outdoor exercise circuit. Located at the very back of the ship, it spans several decks starting on Deck 12 https://www.casinoslots.co.nz/paysafecard-casino. One of the charms of Crystal Symphony are its many outdoor hideaways, such as this small shaded deck area located at the very back of Deck 10. Another small hideaway for sun worshipers is located at the back of Deck 9. The back of Deck 8 also has a secluded lounge area. The lounge area at the back of Deck 8 offers several exercise machines, that are part of Crystal Life Fitness Garden. One corner of the lounge area at the back of Deck 8 is home to a ping pong table. Crystal Symphony features a lovely teak-lined promenade that extends all the way around the ship. It's located on Deck 7. The back of Deck 7 offers more outdoor fitness machines that are part of the ship's Crystal Life Fitness Garden. Shuffleboard is among the attractions along Crystal Symphony's promenade. A view of the sea from Crystal Symphony's teak-lined promenade. The hub of Crystal Symphony's interior is its central Atrium, which spans two decks at the center of the ship. Crystal Symphony's central Atrium features a sweeping staircase and water feature. It's home to a coffee bar, drinks bar, shops and the ship's reception area. Overlooking the Atrium on Deck 6 is The Bistro, a cafe where passengers can get made-to-order espresso drinks, teas and snacks throughout the day. The Bistro offers snacks, tarts and pastries daily from noon until 8 p.m. Just across from The Bistro in along one of Crystal Symphony's busiest interior corridors is a wall-size map of the world. Not far from the Atrium on Deck 6 is the Starlite Club, a spacious lounge with a large dance floor. The Starlite Club boasts a stylish, circular bar that is a popular meeting point at night. Dancing classes and lectures often take place in the Starlite Club during the day. In the evening, it becomes a venue for live entertainment and dancing. A small photo studio is located in a nook near the Starlite Club on Deck 6. Deck 6 also is home to Crystal Symphony's main showroom, the Galaxy Lounge. It often hosts Broadway-style production shows and headline entertainers. A third entertainment venue on Deck 6 is the Hollywood Theatre. It shows recently released movies as well as classic films. Celebrity chef Nobu Matsuhisa is behind the Japanese-Peruvian cuisine, at Crystal Symphony restaurant Umi Uma & Sushi Bar. Located on Deck 6, it's overseen by chefs personally trained by Matsuhisa. The seven-seat sushi bar at Umi Uma & Sushi Bar, offers an assortment of Matushisa's inventive sushi and sashimi creations. The menu at the table area of Umi Uma & Sushi Bar, presents Matsuhisa's celebrated Japanese-Peruvian dishes. The restaurant is open for dinner only. Another speciality restaurant on Crystal Symphony is Prego, which serves Italian cuisine. It features a seasonally changing menu of traditional favorites, such as Scaloppine Di Vitello Servite Con Capelli D’angelo and Linguine Con Aragosta E Zucchini. There is no charge to dine at Prego, but reservations are required. It's open for dinner only. Just off the Galaxy Lounge on Deck 6 is Crystal Symphony's casino, Resorts World at Sea. Crystal Symphony's Resorts World at Sea casino offers blackjack, craps, roulette, three-card poker, Ultimate Texas Hold’em and mini-baccarat (on request) as well as slot and video poker machines. Crystal Symphony's Resorts World at Sea casino has its own bar. Crystal Symphony also has a private, VIP casino that's separated from the main casino area on Deck 6. The Vintage Room, also located on Deck 6, is available for private, wine-themed dinners by special arrangement. Located just off Crystal Symphony's two-story central Atrium, the Crystal Cove piano bar is a perfect spot to enjoy an aperitif or specialty drink any time of day. A curvy bar at the Crystal Cove features built-in stools. The Crystal Cove piano bar features a see-through, plexi-glass piano made by Kawai. A pianist and other musicians play in the bar in the evenings. Crystal Cruises' main dining room, Waterside, serves modern and traditional international cuisine and features an extensive wine list. As part of the recent makeover of Crystal Cruises, the Waterside restaurant switched to an open seating format where passengers dine when, and with whom they want. The restaurant is open for dinner from 6:00 pm to 9:30 pm. Waterside is located on Deck 5 just off Crystal Symphony's central Atrium. Another central venue on board Crystal Symphony is the Palm Court, a forward observation lounge located at the front of Deck 11. The Palm Court offers panoramic sea views through vast floor-to-ceiling window walls. The spacious room also has a large dance floo,r and is a hub for dancing in the evenings. During the day, it's the site of Afternoon Tea Time and other events. A bar sits along a back wall of Crystal Symphony's forward-facing Palm Court. Located on Deck 6, the Connoisseur Club is a clubby cigar lounge. 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Typically, adult continuing education career training courses are taught in classroom settings by industry professionals with years of experience. However, certain career training programs may be available either entirely or partially online, making them much more flexible and convenient for working professionals or other busy prospective students. Many professional organizations have also begun offering professional development continuing education credits (CEUs) online as well. Extremely hands-on professions like welder, chef, or automotive technician will almost never be available online, or at least not in their entirety. Entirely Online As Internet technology advances, more and more career training courses are becoming available entirely online. Offerings are constantly expanding, and due to the online nature of these courses, location doesn't necessarily have to be a limiting factor when making a decision. Here are just a few examples of online training programs you will find:
Partially Online Some career training programs, while being too hands-on to allow an entirely online course of study, have started to realize the potential of offering part of their curriculum online with the remainder taught in-person in an educational setting. Good examples of this include the medical professions. A medical assistant class might necessarily contain several sections of medical terminology, situations in laws and ethics, and anatomy and physiology classes to lay the foundation for in-class, hands-on training. Once these prerequisite courses have been completed, students would register for in-person classes. The combination of real world and virtual classes would yield a complete program. It's even possible for such heavily hands-on certificate programs as automotive technician to include some online modules, primarily focused on terminology and theory, but they will necessarily culminate in a series of real-world classes to develop the familiarity with actual automobiles that will be necessary for graduates to obtain employment after the class is over. Professional Development Though not specifically a type of online career training, professional development is a related variety of adult education wherein professionals in certain fields are required to take approved classes on a regular basis in order to maintain the validity of their credentials. Teachers, real estate and insurance professionals, and architects are just a few of the professionals requiring CEUs related to their respective fields. A teacher seeking CEUs may take an online language learning course to help diversify their communications skills. A real estate agent unfamiliar with commercial rentals may take a course about working with small business owners offered online by their local association of realtors. Professional organizations have turned to the Internet more and more over the years in order to make CEUs more easily available to their members. Professionals are turning to the Internet more and more because it is convenient and can accommodate their busy schedules. Immigrants flock to the shores of the United States for many reasons, but not all of them come here with a knowledge of English. This robust demographic presents a great opportunity for an individual with a strong command of the English language and some basic teaching skills to earn some money and make a positive impact in the lives of these newcomers. Teaching English as a second language (ESL) to adults can be challenging, but also extremely rewarding. The barrier to entry is generally lower than other types of teaching, and there are a wide variety of settings to suit different instructional styles and levels of experience.
Entering the FieldWhile most states require advanced degrees and specialized certificates to teach K-12, teaching English as a second language (ESL or English for Speakers of Other Languages – “ESOL”) to adults is significantly easier to break into in most areas. Requirements vary by organization: Community colleges, government-run schools, and privately operated schools may all have different standards for instructors. Your state may also have a say in teacher credentialing as well. Typically, an instructor for an adult ESL class must have at least a Bachelor's degree in English or some related field (communications, education, etc.). Community colleges may require a master's degree. All organizations prefer candidates with prior teaching experience, even if it is only substitute or teacher's assistant work. Some states require fingerprinting and continuing education of some kind for teachers. Requirements vary so widely that your best bet for teaching English as a second language to adults is to find a school you'd like to work for and ask them about the guidelines in your area. Types of SettingsFunctional The main goal when teaching English as a second language in a “functional” class is to improve each student's ability to function in the English-speaking world. These classes focus intensely on reading, writing, and speaking proper English for application in everyday situations such as the workplace, supermarkets, restaurants, the doctor's office, and government offices. Grammar and syntax lessons are common, as are vocabulary-building exercises. These kinds of classes also borrow heavily from “real-world” sources such as newspapers and photocopies of actual documents that students will run into in their outside lives, such as job applications or medical information forms. Roleplaying is another common practice, wherein students will pretend to interact in a variety of ways mimicking real-world situations. Students usually undergo regular evaluations to measure improvement in their speaking, writing, and comprehension skills. Classes are typically grouped by skill level, but mixed-level classes are not unheard of. Conversational “Conversational” classes focus on exactly that: spoken communication in English. Typically, these classes are more casual than their functional counterparts. Teaching English as a second language in a conversational setting can be a great way to break into the field, as conversational classes tend to be smaller and more intimate, focusing on getting students involved in talking with each other, instead of the broader instruction associated with functional classes. Grammar, syntax, and diction are all extremely important to conversational classes, but they are generally taught in a less formal manner, with an accent on results instead of on rote memorization of grammatical rules. Vocabulary building is equally important here, though instructors typically rely less on documents like those used in functional classes. |
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November 2017
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